What Happens When Underwater Volcanoes Erupt?

Underwater volcanoes, like the Axial Seamount near Oregon, erupt mainly due to tectonic plate movement, which causes earthquakes. Unlike above-ground volcanoes, underwater eruptions are less explosive because of high water pressure and result in lava that cools quickly. These eruptions create new habitats and can release toxic gases that affect marine life. However, they also foster unique ecosystems by forming hydrothermal vents, which provide energy for bacteria and support diverse marine species. Overall, underwater volcanoes play a crucial role in shaping ocean biology and ecology.